Geographical Indication is part of intellectual property which is a sign that indicates the area of ??origin of goods and/or products which due to geographical environmental factors are able to provide a certain reputation, quality, and characteristics of the goods and / or products produced so as to increase the sale value of the goods and / or product. These geographical environmental factors can be:
1. Natural factors
example: Java Sindoro-Sumbing Arabica coffee planted above 900 meters above sea level has a tobacco-scented characteristic because it is planted between tobacco plants on the Sindoro-Sumbing slope, Temanggung. These characteristics cannot be separated from natural factors, namely geographical location, soil acidity, and the influence of tobacco plants in the vicinity.
2. Human factors
The purpose of the human factor is a technical factor. Example: silk weaving techniques and Jepara carving techniques.
3. Combination of natural and human factors
Example: the quality of Sidoarjo Smoked Milkfish from East Java which has a distinctive taste and aroma. Sidoarjo smoked milkfish does not smell mud like milkfish in general. This is inseparable from natural factors where this is influenced by water quality and soil pH, the location where milkfish is cultivated. The cause of the symptoms of the smell of mud is a number of plankton that produce geosmin which when eaten by milkfish will have a muddy taste but that does not apply to Sidoarjo smoked milkfish which does not smell mud. Human factors also affect the process of drying, fertilizing, irrigating the soil for making ponds, breeding to the process of smoking the fish for 3-10 hours at a temperature of 80°C to get maximum results.
The right to a Geographical Indication is an exclusive right granted by the state to a registered holder of a Geographical Indication right, as long as the reputation, quality, and characteristics on which the protection of the Geographical Indication is based remains.
Based on the provisions of Article 53 paragraph (3) of Law No. 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications, applications for registration of Geographical Indications can be submitted by:
1. Institutions that represent the community in a particular geographical area that is commercializing an item and / or product in the form of: natural resources; (2). handicraft items; or (3). industrial output.
2. Provincial or district / municipality regional government.
However, it is necessary to bear in mind that based on the provisions of Article 56 paragraph (1) of Law No. 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications that applications for Geographical Indications cannot be registered if:
1. they are contrary to state ideology, statutory regulations, morality, religion, decency, and public order;
2. they are misleading or deceiving the public in terms of reputation, quality, characteristics, origin of the source, the process of making goods, and or their uses; and
3. they use name that has been used as a variety of plants and used for varieties of similar plants, unless there is the addition of words that indicate similar geographical indications.
A registered geographical indication can also be deleted if the quality, reputation and characteristics of the product and / or goods are not maintained and violates the laws and regulations relating to geographical indications.
The benefits of the protection of Geographical Indications are as follows:
1. Clarifying product identification and set production and process standards among stakeholders Geographical Indications;
2. Avoiding fraudulent competition practices, providing consumer protection from misuse of the reputation of Geographical Indications;
3. Ensuring the quality of Geographical Indication products as genuine products so as to give confidence to consumers;
4. Fostering local producers, supporting coordination, and strengthening organizations of fellow right holders in order to create, provide, and strengthen the image of the name and reputation of the product;
5. The production increase since it is explained in the Geographical Indications regarding the detail about a product that has a distinctive and unique character;
6. Reputation of an area of ??Geographical Indications will also be elevated, in addition the Geographical Indications can also preserve natural beauty, traditional knowledge, and biological resources, this will certainly have an impact on the development of agro-tourism.
Considering that Indonesia is a country rich in natural resources and human creativity and so many benefits when an item / product has been labeled a Geographical Indication, then the potential for Geographical Indications in Indonesia is abundant too. However, until now, Indonesia only has 65 (sixty-five) Geographical Indication registrations with 6 (six) of them coming from outside the territory of Indonesia.
The following is a list of Geographical Indications that have been registered at the Directorate General of Intellectual Property (the DJKI)
| 1. | Kintamani Bali Arabica Coffee Place of origin: Bali Registration Date: 5 December 2008 Registration No.: ID G 000000001 | |
| 2. | CHAMPAGNE Country of Origin: France Registration Date: 14 November 2009 Registration No.: ID G 000000002 | |
| 3. | Jepara carving furniture Place of Origin: Central Java Registration Date: 28 April 2010 Registration No: ID G 000000003 | |
| 4. | Muntok white pepper Place of Origin: Bangka Belitung Islands Registration Date: 28 April 2010 Registration No.: ID G 000000004 | |
| 5. | PISCO Country of Origin: Peru Registration Date: 1 July 2010 Registration No.: ID G 000000005
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| 6. | Gayo Arabica Coffee Place of Origin: Aceh Registration Date: 28 April 2010 Registration No: ID G 000000006 | |
| 7. | SUMEDANG black tobacco Place of Origin: West Java Registration Date: 25 April 2011 Registration No: ID G 000000007 | |
| 8. | SUMEDANG mole tobacco Place of Origin: West Java Registration Date: 25 April 2011 Registration No: ID G 000000008 | |
| 9. | PARMIGIANO REGGIANO Country of Origin: Italy Registration Date: 21 October 2011 Registration No: ID G 000000009 | |
| 10. | SUMBAWA Horse Milk Place of Origin: West Nusa Tenggara Registration Date: 15 December 2011 Registration No: ID G 000000010 | |
| 11. | KANGKUNG LOMBOK Place of Origin: West Nusa Tenggara Registration Date: 15 December 2011 Registration No: ID G 000000011 | |
| 12. | SUMBAWA HONEY Place of Origin: West Nusa Tenggara Registration Date: 15 December 2011 Registration No: ID G 000000012 | |
| 13. | KRAYAN ADAN RICE Place of Origin: North Kalimantan Registration Date: 6 January 2012 Registration No: ID G 000000013 | |
| 14. | FLORES BAJAWA arabica coffee Place of Origin: East Nusa Tenggara Registration Date: 28 March 2012 Registration No: ID G 000000014 | |
| 15. | DIENG Purwoceng Place of Origin: Central Java Registration Date: 20 July 2012 Registration No.: ID G 000000015 | |
| 16. | CARICA DIENG Place of Origin: Central Java Registration Date: 20 July 2012 Registration No: ID G 000000016 | |
| 17. | ALOR islands vanilla Place of Origin: East Nusa Tenggara Registration Date: 19 October 2012 Registration No: ID G 000000017 | |
| 18. | KALOSI ENREKANG arabica coffee Place of Origin: South Sulawesi Registration Date: 15 February 2013 Registration No: ID G 000000018 | |
| 19. | CILEMBU sweet potato Place of Origin: West Java Registration Date: 24 April 2013 Registration No: ID G 000000019 | |
| 20. | PONDOH SALAK OF SLEMAN JOGJA Place of Origin: Special Region of YOGYAKARTA Registration Date: 21 June 2013 Registration No: ID G 000000020 | |
| 21. | ACEH NILAM OIL Place of Origin: Aceh Registration Date: 10 September 2013 Registration No: ID G 000000021 | |
| 22. | JAVA PREANGER arabica coffee Place of Origin: West Java Registration Date: 10 September 2013 Registration No: ID G 000000022 | |
| 23. | JAVA IJEN-RAUNG arabica coffee Place of Origin: East Java Registration Date: 10 September 2013 Registration No: ID G 000000023 | |
| 24. | SIDOARJO smoked milkfish Place of Origin: East Java Registration Date: 9 October 2013 Registration No: ID G 000000024 | |
| 25. | TORAJA arabica coffee Place of Origin: South Sulawesi Registration Date: 9 October 2013 Registration No: ID G 000000025 | |
| 26. | LAMPUNG ROBUSTA COFFEE Place of Origin: Lampung Registration Date: 13 May 2014 Registration No: ID G 000000026 | |
| 27. | TEMANGGUNG SRINTHIL TOBACCO Place of Origin: Central Java Registration Date: 13 May 2014 Registration No: ID G 000000027 | |
| 28. | KUBU BALI cashew Place of Origin: Bali Registration Date: 21 July 2014 Registration No: ID G 000000028 | |
| 29. | KULONPROGO JOGJA coconut sugar Place of Origin: Special Region of Yogyakarta Registration Date: 21 July 2014 Registration No: ID G 000000029 | |
| 30. | JAVA SINDORO-SUMBING ARABICA COFFEE Place of Origin: Central Java Registration Date: 1 December 2014 Registration No: ID G 000000030 | |
| 31. | SUMATERA SIMALUNGUN ARABICA COFFEE Place of Origin: North Sumatera Registration Date: 20 February 2015 Registration No: ID G 000000031 | |
| 32. | TUNGKAL JAMBI LIBERICA COFFEE Place of Origin: Jambi Registration Date: 23 May 2015 Registration No: ID G 000000032 | |
| 33. | MINAHASA CLOVE Place of Origin: North Sulawesi Registration Date: 13 August 2015 Registration No: ID G 000000033 | |
| 34. | CIANJUR PANDANWANGI RICE Place of Origin: West Java Registration Date: 16 October 2015 Registration No: ID G 000000034 | |
| 35. | SEMENDO ROBUSTA COFFEE Place of Origin: South Sumatera Registration Date: 20 October 2015 Registration No: ID G 000000035 | |
| 36. | SIAU NUTMEG Place of Origin: North Sulawesi Registration Date: 20 November 2015 Registration No: ID G 000000036 | |
| 37. | JAVA PREANGER TEA Place of Origin: West Java Registration Date: 23 December 2015 Registration No: ID G 000000037 | |
| 38. | AMED BALI SALT Place of Origin: Bali Registration Date: 23 December 2015 Registration No: ID G 000000038 | |
| 39. | LAMPHUN BROCADE THAI SILK Country of Origin: Thailand Registration Date: 22 February 2016 Registration No: ID G 000000039 | |
| 40. | GAYO-ACEH TANGERINE Place of Origin: Aceh Registration Date: 22 March 2016 Registration No: ID G 000000040 | |
| 41. | RANGSANG MERANTI LIBERICA COFFEE Place of Origin: Riau Registration Date: 2 May 2016 Registration No: ID G 000000041 | |
| 42. | LAMPUNG BLACK PEPPER Place of Origin: Lampung Registration Date: 2 May 2016 Registration No: ID G 000000042 | |
| 43. | KOERINTJI CINNAMON Place of Origin: Jambi Registration Date: 26 May 2016 Registration No: ID G 000000043 | |
| 44. | TEQUILA Country of Origin: Mexico Registration Date: 18 July 2016 Registration No: ID G 000000044 | |
| 45. | GRANA PADANO Country of Origin: Italy Date of Registration: 18 July 2016 Registration No: ID G 000000045 | |
| 46. | BALI TUNUN GRINGSING Place of Origin: Bali Registration Date: 18 July 2016 Registration No: ID G 000000046 | |
| 47. | MANDAR SILK WOVEN Place of Origin: West Sulawesi Registration Date: 9 September 2016 Registration No: ID G 000000047 | |
| 48. | SUMATERA MANDAILING ARABICA COFFEE Place of Origin: North Sumatera Registration Date: 9 September 2016 Registration No: ID G 000000048 | |
| 49. | FAKFAK TOMANDIN NUTMEG Place of Origin: West Papua Registration Date: 9 September 2016 Registration No: ID G 000000049 | |
| 50. | SOE MOLLO ORANGE Place of Origin: East Nusa Tenggara Registration Date: 21 September 2016 Registration No: ID G 000000050 | |
| 51. | MOLOKU KIE RAHA CLOVE Place of Origin: North Maluku Registration Date: 21 September 2016 Registration No: ID G 000000051 | |
| 52. | MUNA CASHEW Place of Origin: Southeast Sulawesi Registration Date: 21 September 2016 Registration No: ID G 000000052 | |
| 53. | TEMANGGUNG ROBUSTA COFFEE Place of Origin: Central Java Registration Date: 6 December 2016 Registration No: ID G 000000053 | |
| 54. | SUKATALI SUMEDANG SAWO Place of Origin: West Java Registration Date: 14 December 2016 Registration No: ID G 000000054 | |
| 55. | EMPAT LAWANG ROBUSTA COFFEE Place of Origin: South Sumatera Registration Date: 10 February 2017 Registration No: ID G 000000055 | |
| 56. | SIKKA IKAT WEAVING Place of Origin: East Nusa Tenggara Registration Date: 8 March 2017 Registration No: ID G 000000056 | |
| 57. | KOMERING DUKU Place of Origin: South Sumatera Registration Date: 7 April 2017 Registration No: ID G 000000057 | |
| 58. | SUMATRA KOERINTJI ARABICA COFFEE Place of Origin: Jambi Registration Date: 17 April 2017 Registration No: ID G 000000058 | |
| 59. | PINOGU ROBUSTA COFFEE Place of Origin: Gorontalo Registration Date: 3 May 2017 Registration No: ID G 000000059 | |
| 60. | PUPUAN BALI ROBUSTA COFFEE Place of Origin: Bali Registration Date: 29 May 2017 Registration No: ID G 000000060 | |
| 61. | TANIMBAR IKAT WEAVING Place of Origin: Maluku Registration Date: 3 July 2017 Registration No: ID G 000000061 | |
| 62. | TAMBORA ROBUSTA COFFEE Place of Origin: West Nusa Tenggara Registration Date: 3 July 2017 Registration No: ID G 000000062 | |
| 63. | SUMATERA LINTONG ARABICA COFFEE Place of Origin: North Sumatera Registration Date: 21 December 2017 Registration No: ID G 000000063 | |
| 64. | KAPUAS HULU RAJA UNCAK RICE Place of Origin: West Kalimantan Registration Date: 28 February 2018 Registration No: ID G 000000064 | |
| 65. | FLORES MANGGARAI ARABICA COFFEE Place of Origin: East Nusa Tenggara Registration Date: 7 March 2018 Registration No: ID G 000000065 |
